BIRTH CONTROL
Natural: How natural birth control
works
Natural birth
control methods teach women to determine the fertile phase, To avoid pregnancy,
women avoid intercourse (sexual act) on fertile days.
An egg is
released about 14 days an egg has 24 hours to be fertilized before dying but
the sperm can life 4 up to 7 days after ejaculation. If the period is not
regular is difficult for woman identified the faces when she should avoid sex.
If the woman is
not regular there are two methods to calculate the ovulation time:
The first one is
the vassal body tempeture: The progesterone (is an hormone) makes a womans body
tempeture rise, ½ a degree calcium higuer than normal, the measure of the
tempeture have to be a t the same time and with the same thermometer.
The second one
is called the calendar method: the woman have to chech in 6 months how long is
the interval between periods, if the shortest interval is 25 days you have to
subtract 18 but if the longest interval is 30 days you have to subtract 11 then
the fertilize files wil be between day 7 and day 19.
The PERSONA: is
an small battery operate machine, that identify fertile periods, during the
menstrual cycle, is with a urine test, every morning, this urine is incerted in
the machine with a strip of paper, so if the light is green, you can get a sex
relationship but if it is red you can´t.
Barrier: Are physical or chemical
barriers, to prevent that the sperm transpassing the woman service into the
utherus, and the phalopian tubes to phertilise the egg.
The first one is
diaphragm the second one is sponge, the third is servical cup, male and female
condom and the spermicide.
Diaphragm:
Objects that are put in the vagina to avoid getting pregnant
Sponge:
Something that absors the sperms.
Servical cup:
things tht are put in the vagina to avoid getting pregnant.
Spermicide:
Substance that could be a cream jelly or suppocitory, that is inserted in te
vagina, 30 minutes before the intercourse.
Chemical: They use hormones, they are
pills that contained strogen and progestine (2 types of hormones) and inhibiting
ovulation and altering, the servical mocus and the uttering lining, they are
effective and prevent pregnancy, they have to be taken at the same time each
day,
Surgical: In woman is use the tubal
ligation, the phalopian tubesare obstructed to aboid that sperm fertilize the
egg, they are cauterized, and burned off at the end. (in 2 pieces) it could be
make by the laparoscopi surgery.
Basectomi: they
are made in males, could be made by lacaroscopi, prevent that sperm goes out of
the body
Hysterectomy: Is
a sergury that is made to prevent a disease like a cancer, consists In remove
the female reproductive system it could be just the uterus or the completed
system.
Essure: Use a
small insets to prevent the sperm reach the egg, goes from the vagina to the service
into the uterus, is a minor surgical procedure, they worked building up a scar
tissue that block and make a n varrier to prevent pregnancy.
Implanon: Involves
a small insition yunder the skin to inplant a device, is good for 3 years, it
contains progestine, that is a hormone to prevent pregnancy.
Bibliography:
Syphilis:
Syphilis
is a STD that is caused by sexual activity either is vaginal, oral or anal sex.
It can only be transmitted by sexual activity; there are no other ways.
This
SDT is caused by bacteria called treponema pallidum. This disease is divided in
certain stages that determine how advanced is the disease and how to cure it.
Stages
of syphilis:
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.
<!--[endif]-->Early
syphilis: People with primary syphilis will develop
one or more sores. The sores resemble large round bug bites and are often hard
and painless. They occur on the genitals or in or around the mouth somewhere
between 10-90 days (average three weeks) after exposure. Even without treatment
they heal without a scar within six weeks.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.
<!--[endif]-->The secondary stage: people with
secondary experience a rash typically on the palms of the hands and soles of the
feet. However, rashes with a different appearance may occur on other parts of
the body, sometimes resembling rashes caused by other diseases.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.
<!--[endif]-->Latent syphillis:
This is where the infection lies dormant (inactive) without causing symptoms
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.
<!--[endif]-->Tertiary syphilis: If the
infection isn't treated, it may then progress to a stage characterized by severe
problems with the heart, brain, and nerves that can result in paralysis,
blindness, dementia, deafness, impotence, and even death if it's not treated.
How is syphilis
treated?
Syphilis can be easily diagnosed with a quick
and inexpensive blood test given at your doctor's office or at a public health
clinic. If the disease can be treated the cure is to apply intramuscular
penicillin.
Chlamydia:
Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases
in the U.S. This infection is easily spread because it often causes no symptoms
and may be unknowingly passed to sexual partners. In fact, about 75% of
infections in women and 50% in men are without symptoms. It is not easy to tell
if you are infected with chlamydia since symptoms are not always apparent. But
when they do occur, they are usually noticeable within one to three weeks of
contact and can include Abnormal vaginal discharge that
may have an odor, Bleeding between periods, Painful periods, Abdominal pain with
fever, Pain when having sex, Itching or burning in or around the vagina, Pain
when urinating.
The symptoms in men are Small
amounts of clear or cloudy discharge from the tip of the penis, Painful
urination, Burning and itching around the opening of the penis,Pain and
swelling around the testicles.
Chlamidya can be diagnosed. There are a few different tests your doctor can use to
diagnose chlamydia. He or she will probably use a swab to take a sample from
the urethra in men or from the cervix in women and then will send the specimen
to a laboratory to be analyzed. There are also other tests which check a urine
sample for the presence of the bacteria.
The treatment for chlamidya can be if your doctor will prescribe oral antibiotics. Your
doctor will also recommend your partner to be treated as well to prevent
reinfection and further spread of the disease. With treatment, the infection
should clear up in about a week or two. It is important to finish all of your
antibiotics even if you feel better. Women with severe chlamydia infection may
require hospitalization, intravenous antibiotics and pain medicine like
morfine. After taking antibiotics, people should be re-tested to be sure the
infection is cured. This is particularly important if you are unsure that your
partner(s) obtained treatment. Do not have sex until you are sure both you and
your partner no longer have the disease.
HIV:
hiv vis a virus which stands for specific words that
are human immunodeficiency virus. is a lot like
other viruses, including those that cause the "flu" or the common cold. But there is an important
difference over time, your immune
system can
clear most viruses out of your body. That isn't the case with HIV – the human
immune system can't seem to get rid of it. Scientists are still trying to
figure out why.
We know that HIV can hide for long periods of time in
the cells of your body and that it attacks a key part of your immune system –
your T-cells or CD4
cells. Your body has to
have these cells to fight infections and disease, but HIV invades them, uses
them to make more copies of itself, and then destroys them. Over time, HIV can
destroy so many of your CD4 cells that your body can't fight infections and
diseases anymore. When that happens, HIV infection can lead to AIDS.
Aids are also words which stand for speficif
words that are Acquired Immuno
Deficiency Syndrome. this is the final
stage of HIV infection. People at this stage of HIV disease have badly damaged
immune systems, which put them at risk for opportunistic
infections. Opportunistic infenctions are the ones that aproach the lack of
immune system to get into the body. Scientists believe HIV came from a
particular kind of chimpanzee in Western Africa. Humans probably came in
contact with HIV when they hunted and ate infected animals. Recent studies
indicate that HIV may have jumped from monkeys to humans as far back as the
late 1800s.
Hpv:
Genital human papilloma virus is the most
common sexually transmitted infection; there are more than 40 types of human
papilloma virus. It can affect genital areas of males and females. These types
can also infect the mouth and throat. Most of the people who get infected do
not even know they have it.
The symptoms of this virus can genital
warts, warts in the throat, cervix cancer. People get infected by oral sex,
anal sex and genital to genital contact.
To prevent hpv the best way is to use
condoms, female condoms and other conceptive ways.
There is no treatment for the virus itself, but
there are treatments for the diseases that HPV can cause.
Bibliography:
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->For
vph:
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->For
syphilis:
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->For
chlamidya:
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->For
HIV:
Adoption in colombia
Requirements:
<!--[if !supportLists]-->• <!--[endif]-->Couples
36 to 45 years old may adopt a child 3
to 7 years old.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->• <!--[endif]-->Couples
46 to 50 years old may adopt a child 8 and up.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->• <!--[endif]-->Single
women may adopt special needs only
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•
<!--[endif]-->One divorce each is permitted
Procedure
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.
<!--[endif]-->The process starts with a letter that the prospectives
parents send to the government agency responsible for adoptions
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.
<!--[endif]-->ICBF responds by sending forms and instructions
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.
<!--[endif]-->ICBF reviews completed forms and documents and accept
or rejects the adoption request.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.
<!--[endif]-->Prospective parents must then responds as to wheter or
not they accept the child who has been assigned to them
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.
<!--[endif]-->If these initial steps are fully succes the process is
finish
Time: The whole administrative process will take only 6
months
When: The colombian adoption law requires
that at least one of the adopting parents be over 25 years
Why: Because the colombia adoption
program is considered wll - established and stable.
Www. Rainbowkids.com
TEENAGE PREGNANCY
Teenage pregnancy has been an important public health
issue along the years. Although governments constantly make preventive
campaigns and have broken the sex “taboo” many teenagers still have unprotected
intercourse.
What is it?
Teenage pregnancy is pregnancy in a female under the
age of 19.
Causes
Due to the increase of condoms, the babies born to
adolescents have dropped since reaching an all-time high in 1990<!--[if !supportFootnotes]-->[1]<!--[endif]-->
Incidence
Kids age 12 - 14 years old are more likely than other adolescents
to have unplanned sexual intercourse . They are more likely to be talked into
having into sex and up to two-thirds of adolescent pregnancies occur in teens
age 18 - 19 years old.
Risk factors for adolescent pregnancy include:
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•
<!--[endif]-->Younger age
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•
<!--[endif]-->Poor school
performance
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•
<!--[endif]-->Economic
disadvantage
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•
<!--[endif]-->Older male partner
<!--[if !supportLists]-->•
<!--[endif]-->Single or teen
parents
Statistics Worldwide:
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->About 85% of the pregnancies are unplanned.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->Teenage pregnancy rates from 143/1,000 in Sub- Saharan
African countries to 3/1,000 in South
Korea.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->1 of every 5 adolescents is mother before 18.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->50,000 adolescents die per year because from
complications of pregnancy or childbirth.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->10 million of teenagers under 18 years get married
each year.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->64% of the teenagers who had a kid stated that they
want it to be later or not wanted.
Statistics
in Latin America:
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->60% of the latin americans teenagers who get pregnant
do it again after a year and a half.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->1 of every 5 kids born in latin america is child of a
teenager.
Statistics of Colombia:
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->Each year more than 6,000 kids are born of teenagers
under age 14.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->19.5% of Colombian women between 15 and 19 are or have
been pregnant.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->50% of Colombian teenagers between 15 and 18 years
have had sexual relationships. And 13% of them
before turning 15 years.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->11,000 cases of sexual abuse to girls in 2012
(According ICBF)
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->The government admits that sexual eduaction in schools
is “poor”
In Colombia this is a factor
that “perpetuates poverty and delays the development of women”<!--[if !supportFootnotes]-->[2]<!--[endif]-->
Statistics in USA:
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->The U.S. has one of the highest
teen pregnancy rates in the industrialized world – twice as high as in England
or Canada, and ten times higher than Switzerland.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->About 750,000 teens get pregnant in the
United States each year. Nevada has the highest teen birth rate; 113 out of every
1,000 teens will get pregnant.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->It affects education - only a third of
teen mothers earn their high school diploma. And only 1.5% have a college degree by age 30.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->About 1 in 3 women become pregnant at
least once before they're 20.
Cultural Impact:
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->“The context is complicated, because
cultural issues influence sexual behaviour,” says Dr Virginia Camacho from
WHO’s department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->According to Dr Monir Islam,
director of Making Pregnancy Safer,“Making pregnancy safer for adolescents
should be a clear priority for countries in their efforts to meet the
Millennium Development Goals,”
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->Countries in Europe have fewer teenage
pregnancies because of a different approach to sex education and better access
to family planning, I
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->n the Netherlands, with one of Europe’s
lowest adolescent pregnancy rates of four adolescent births per 1000 women, sex
education begins in primary school.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·
<!--[endif]-->While in Ethiopia, in the Amhara region
girls are married before the age of 15, which is a violation to the Ethiopian
law which allows marriage after the age of 18.
<!--[endif]-->
<!--[endif]-->
Media:
“The glamour and attention surrounding expecting
celebrities could easily portray a false view to many young girls, but that’s
just one of the contributing factors. Another media outlet influencing teens is
reality television. Reality television has become popular over the past few
years, especially the MTV hit 16 and Pregnant. Actuallly this can be a positive in helping young teens to become
more aware about their choices.” (Villanueva)
Conclusion:
Altought some argue that such education encourages
more and more sexual activity, I see sexuallity as a normal process that we all
go trought and which will always make part of being a teenager. As everyone is
in charge of their own body and of their own decisions they should take
preventions when having realtionships, there’s no need to hurry and there
shouldnt exists any social pressure. When sex comes you should know and enjoy
it while being responsible of your self and others.
Bibliography:
<!--[if !supportFootnotes]-->
<!--[endif]-->
<!--[endif]-->
<!--[if !supportFootnotes]-->[1]<!--[endif]--> In 1990, there were an estimated 1 million pregnancies and 521,626
births to U.S. women aged 15-19 years.
<!--[if !supportFootnotes]-->[2]<!--[endif]--> (Tiempo,
2011)
